Do Chehron Wali Gas 🎭
Ozone ek ajeeb gas hai — wo ek hi samay par zeher bhi hai aur raksha kavach bhi. Farak sirf itna hai ki wo kahan hai.
📌 Ozone = O₃ — oxygen ke teen parmaanu.
Jo hawa hum saans lete hain wo O₂ hai — sirf do parmaanu.
😷 Zameen ke paas (troposphere): ozone ek
haanikaarak pradushak hai. Wo phephdon ko nuksaan pahunchati hai aur saans ki
takleef badhati hai.
🛡️ Bahut upar (stratosphere, lagbhag 15-35 km): wahi ozone ek
dhaal ka kaam karti hai jo sooraj ki khatarnaak UV rays ko rok
leti hai.
Isiliye kehte hain: "Ozone — upar achhi, neeche buri."
"Layer" sunkar lagta hai koi moti chaadar hogi. Par sach ye hai ki agar poori ozone layer ko
daba kar zameen par bichha diya jaaye, toh wo sirf
3 millimetre moti hogi — do sikkon jitni!
Aur wahi 3 mm poori prithvi ke jeevan ko UV se bacha rahi hai. Isiliye usme thoda sa nuksaan bhi
itni badi baat ban jaata hai.
⚗️ Ozone Banti Kaise Hai
📌 Bahut upar, sooraj ki tez UV rays oxygen ke anu (O₂) ko
tod deti hain:
O₂ --UV--> O + O
Phir ye akela oxygen parmaanu kisi doosre O₂ se jud jaata hai:
O + O₂ → O₃ (ozone)
Aur ozone khud bhi UV pakad kar wapas toot jaati hai. Yani wahan upar ozone
lagataar banti aur tootti rehti hai — aur isi tod-phod mein wo
UV ki energy khaa jaati hai. Yahi hume bachata hai.
💥 CFC — Ek Chhoti Si Gas Ne Kya Kar Diya
📌 CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) — ek gas jo purane
fridge, AC, aur spray ki bottalon (aerosol) mein istemaal hoti thi.
CFC ko "surakshit" maana jaata tha kyunki wo kisi cheez se react nahi karti —
zeher nahi, aag nahi pakadti. Aur yahi uski sabse badi dikkat nikli.
Kyunki wo tootti nahi, isliye wo saalon tak upar chadhti rehti hai — aakhir
stratosphere tak. Wahan tez UV use tod deti hai aur usme se
chlorine (Cl) nikal aata hai.
⚠️ Aur wo chlorine ozone ko todta hai — par khud
khatam nahi hota. Ek hi chlorine parmaanu
hazaron ozone ke anu tod sakta hai, aur wahan
dashkon tak zinda rehta hai.
☀️ UV rays zameen tak pahunchne par kya nuksaan:
🧑 Insaanon mein — skin cancer, motiyabind (cataract), aur
rog-pratirodhak kshamata (immunity) kamzor
🌾 Paudhon mein — photosynthesis kam, isliye fasal kam
🌊 Samundar mein — plankton mar jaate hain, jo poori samudri food chain ka
aadhaar hain
1985 mein vaigyanikon ne Antarctica ke upar ozone layer mein ek bahut bada
"chhed" (hole) khoja. (Wo asal mein chhed nahi, bahut
patla hua hissa tha.)
Ye khabar itni darawni thi ki duniya ne wo kar dikhaya jo aaj tak dobara nahi ho paaya —
sab desh ek saath maan gaye.
1987 mein Montreal Protocol par dastakhat hue, jisme CFC ko
dheere-dheere poori tarah band karne ka waada kiya gaya. Ye
duniya ki pehli sandhi hai jise har ek desh ne apnaaya —
198 mein se 198.
Nateeja? Kaam kar gaya! Ozone layer
dheere-dheere theek ho rahi hai. Vaigyanikon ka anumaan hai ki
2050-2070 tak wo lagbhag 1980 wali haalat mein wapas aa jaayegi.
Sabak: paryavaran ki samasyaayein hal ho sakti hain — agar duniya
vigyan ki baat sune aur saath mile. Ozone iska sabse achha saboot hai.
⚠️ Ozone hole aur Global Warming ek cheez NAHI hain! Ye exam mein bahut poocha
jaata hai:
🕳️ Ozone depletion — CFC se hota hai. Isse
UV rays zameen tak pahunchti hain. Ilaaj: CFC band karo.
🌡️ Global warming — CO₂ aur greenhouse gases se hota hai. Isse
prithvi ka taapmaan badhta hai. Ilaaj: CO₂ kam karo.
Dono alag samasyaayein hain, alag gases se, aur alag ilaaj chahiye.
Bharat ne 1992 mein Montreal Protocol par dastakhat kiye, aur apna waada
samay se pehle poora kiya — bharat ne CFC ka istemaal
2010 tak poori tarah band kar diya.
Isiliye aaj aap jo naya fridge ya AC khareedte ho, usmein CFC nahi hoti. Uspar aksar
"CFC-free" ya "Ozone friendly" likha hota hai — ghar ja kar apne
fridge par dekhna!
Aur bharat ne 2021 mein Kigali Amendment bhi apnaaya, jisme CFC ke baad aayi
HFC gases ko bhi kam kiya ja raha hai (wo ozone ko nuksaan nahi karti, par
global warming badhati hain).
Har saal 16 September ko duniya
"World Ozone Day" manati hai — usi din 1987 mein Montreal Protocol par dastakhat
hue the.
🧠 Apne Aap Ko Test Karo
🗑️ Ab aakhri lesson — aur wahan se ek game bhi milega!
Kachra Segregation (prathakkaran) Game →