Metals React Kaise Karti Hain? ⚗️
Metals electron dene mein maahir hoti hain — isiliye wo positive ion (cation) banati hain. Ab dekhte hain wo oxygen, paani aur acid ke saath kya karti hain.
1️⃣ Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
📐 Metal (dhaatu) + O₂ → Metal oxide (ye basic oxide hota hai)
✔ Examples
4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO (kaala)
Aluminium bahut reactive hai — phir bhi khidki-darwaze saalon tak theek rehte hain, kyun? Kyunki aluminium hawa se milte hi apni satah par Al₂O₃ ki ek bahut patli, majboot aur chipki hui parat bana leta hai. Ye parat andar ki metal ko hawa se bacha leti hai! Isi ko jaan-boojh kar mota karne ki prakriya anodising kehlati hai.
🔸 Amphoteric oxides: Kuch metal oxides (jaise Al₂O₃ aur
ZnO) acid aur base dono ke saath react karte hain! Ye board
ka important point hai:
Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O (base ki tarah)
Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O (acid ki tarah)
2️⃣ Metal + Paani → Metal Hydroxide/Oxide + H₂
Sab metals paani se react nahi karti — ye unki reactivity par depend karta hai:
| Metal | Thande paani se | Reaction (abhikriya) |
|---|---|---|
| K, Na | Bahut tezi se, aag lag jaati hai | 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ |
| Ca | Dheere, bubbles ke saath | Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂ |
| Mg | Thande se nahi, garam paani se | Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂ |
| Al, Zn, Fe | Sirf bhaap (steam) se | 3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ |
| Cu, Ag, Au | Bilkul nahi | Koi reaction nahi |
Calcium ko paani mein daalo toh wo tairne lagta hai! Kyun? Kyunki reaction se bani hydrogen gas ke bubbles uski satah par chipak jaate hain aur use upar utha dete hain. Sodium ke saath toh nikli garmi itni hoti hai ki hydrogen turant aag pakad leti hai — isiliye sodium ko kabhi paani ke paas nahi rakhte.
3️⃣ Metal + Acid → Salt + H₂
📐 Metal + dilute acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas
✔ Examples
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂
⚠️ Cu, Ag, Au acid se hydrogen nahi dete — kyunki ye hydrogen se kam
reactive hain (reactivity series mein H ke neeche hain). Isiliye tambe ke bartan
mein khatti cheezein rakhna surakshit hai... par lambe samay tak nahi!
⚠️ Nitric acid (HNO₃) apwaad hai — ye ek strong oxidising agent hai, isliye wo
hydrogen ki jagah nitrogen ke oxides (NO, NO₂) deta hai. Sirf Mg aur Mn hi bahut dilute HNO₃ se H₂
dete hain.
🤝 Metal + Non-metal → Ionic Compound
Sabse important reaction — jab metal apne electron de deti hai aur non-metal unhe le leti hai. Isse ionic (electrovalent) compound (yaugik) banta hai.
✔ Example: Namak banna
2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
Sodium apna 1 electron chlorine ko de deta hai → Na⁺ aur Cl⁻ ban jaate hain, jo ek doosre ko
kheenchte hain.
Iski poori kahani, aur 3D mein electron ka safar — Lesson 4 mein!
Delhi ka lauh stambh 1600 saal se zang-mukt khada hai. Aur Bharat aaj duniya ka doosra sabse bada steel utpadak desh hai — Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Rourkela aur Bokaro ke bade steel plants desh ki reedh hain. Metals ki chemistry samajhna sirf exam nahi, desh ki arthvyavastha ka aadhaar hai.
🧠 Apne Aap Ko Test Karo
⚗️ Reactivity Lab mein khud test karo — kaunsi metal kis ghol se react karegi!
Open Reactivity Lab →