Ek Parent, Poori Copy 🦠
Jab sirf ek parent se naya jeev banta hai aur koi gamete (yugmak) nahi bante, use asexual reproduction (prajanan) kehte hain. Santaan parent ki lagbhag hubahu copy hoti hai — isiliye inhe clone kehte hain.
1️⃣ Fission — Bat Jaana
| Prakar | Kya hota hai | Udaharan |
|---|---|---|
| Binary fission | Ek cell DO barabar hisson mein bat jaati hai | Amoeba, Bacteria, Paramecium |
| Multiple fission | Ek cell kai hisson mein ek saath bat jaati hai | Plasmodium (malaria wala parjeevi) |
💡 Amoeba ka fission "kisi bhi taraf" se ho sakta hai (uski koi fixed shape nahi hai), par Leishmania (kala-azar wala parjeevi) ka fission hamesha ek khaas disha mein hota hai — kyunki uske paas ek chabuk (flagellum) wala fixed sira hota hai. Ye board mein poocha jaata hai!
2️⃣ Budding — Kali Nikalna
Parent ke shareer par ek chhoti kali (bud) ugti hai, jo badhkar poora jeev ban jaati hai aur phir alag ho jaati hai.
🔬 Udaharan: Hydra aur Yeast
Dhyan do — kali parent ke shareer par hi banti hai aur wahin nutrition (poshan) leti hai, phir taiyaar hone par
tootkar alag zindagi shuru karti hai.
3️⃣ Fragmentation (Khandan) — Tukdon Se
Jeev ka shareer tukdon mein toot jaata hai, aur har tukda badhkar poora naya jeev ban jaata hai.
🔬 Udaharan: Spirogyra (talab ki hari kaai)
⚠️ Ye sirf un jeevon mein hota hai jinki banawat saral hoti hai. Ek insaan ke
tukdon se naye insaan nahi ban sakte — kyunki hamare ang bahut jatil aur alag-alag kaam wale hain!
4️⃣ Regeneration (Punarudbhavan)
Agar jeev kat jaaye toh har tukda apne khoye hue hisse dobara bana leta hai aur poora jeev ban jaata hai.
🔬 Udaharan: Planaria (chapta krimi), Hydra
⚠️ Regeneration ≠ Reproduction! Ye board ka important point hai. Regeneration ek
"marammat" ki kshamata hai — Planaria jaan-boojh kar khud ko kaat kar bachche nahi banata. Ye
reproduction ka saamanya tareeka nahi hai.
Chhipkali khatre mein apni poonch chhod deti hai aur wo dobara ug aati hai — ye bhi regeneration hai. Par dhyan do: us chhodi hui poonch se nayi chhipkali nahi banti! Isiliye ye reproduction nahi, sirf marammat hai. Planaria mein farak ye hai ki uska har tukda poora jeev ban sakta hai.
5️⃣ Spore Formation (Beejanu)
Kuch jeev hazaron chhote spores banate hain, jo hawa mein udte hain aur sahi jagah milte hi ug jaate hain.
🔬 Udaharan: Rhizopus (double roti par ugne wali kaali phaphoondi)
Spores par ek mota, sakht cover hota hai jo unhe sookhe aur garmi se bachata hai —
isiliye wo saalon tak zinda reh sakte hain.
Geeli double roti ko 3-4 din band dibbe mein rakho — kaali-safed roein dikhne lagengi. Ye Rhizopus hai! Uske patle dhaage (hyphae) roti mein failte hain aur upar chhoti kaali goliyan (sporangia) banti hain, jinme hazaron spores bhare hote hain. Wo phatti hain aur spores hawa mein ud jaate hain — agli roti dhoondhne! Isiliye khula khaana jaldi kharab hota hai.
6️⃣ Vegetative Propagation (Kaayik Reproduction)
Paudhon ke jad, tana ya patti se naya paudha ban jaana — bina beej ke.
| Hissa | Udaharan |
|---|---|
| Tana (stem) | Aloo (aankhon se), ganna, gulab ki kalam |
| Jad (root) | Shakarkandi (sweet potato), gaajar |
| Patti (leaf) | Bryophyllum (patti ke kinaron se naye paudhe!) |
✅ Faayde: (1) Phool-phal jaldi aate hain, (2) santaan parent ki
hubahu copy — isliye achhi quality pakki, (3) jin paudhon mein beej nahi bante
(kela, gulab) unhe bhi ugaya ja sakta hai.
⚠️ Nuksaan: koi variation (vividhata) nahi — ek bimari poori fasal kha sakti hai.
🧪 Tissue culture: Paudhe ke ek chhote tukde (jaise growing tip) ko lab mein khaas poshak medium (maadhyam) par ugakar hazaron naye paudhe banaye jaate hain. Isse orchid jaise mehnge paudhe bade paimane par ugaye jaate hain.
Bharat ke kisan sadiyon se kalam (cutting), daab (layering) aur kalam bandhna (grafting) ka istemal karte aaye hain — aam, gulab, ganna, kela sab isi se ugaye jaate hain. Aaj tissue culture se kele aur orchid ke laakhon paudhe labs mein banaye jaate hain, jisse kisano ko bimari-mukt paudhe milte hain.
🧠 Apne Aap Ko Test Karo
🧊 3D lab mein Amoeba ko bat'te aur Hydra par kali ugte hue dekho!
Open 3D Asexual Lab →