Har Reaction Mein Energy Ka Hisaab 🌡️
Har chemical reaction (abhikriya) ke saath energy ka len-den hota hai. Kuch reactions garmi chhodti hain (aas-paas garam ho jaata hai), aur kuch garmi leti hain (aas-paas thanda ho jaata hai). Isi aadhaar par unhe do naam diye gaye hain.
📌 Exothermic: "Exo" = bahar. Reaction garmi bahar chhodti hai →
bartan/aas-paas garam.
📌 Endothermic: "Endo" = andar. Reaction garmi andar leti hai →
bartan/aas-paas thanda.
🔥 Exothermic Reactions
Aap jo roti-chawal khaate ho, wo aapke shareer mein oxygen se milkar dheere-dheere "jalta" hai - isse respiration (shwasan) kehte hain. Isi se nikli garmi aapke shareer ka taapmaan 37°C banaye rakhti hai, chahe bahar sardi ho! Isiliye bhookh lagne par thand zyada lagti hai - fuel khatm ho raha hota hai. Respiration ek exothermic reaction hai.
✔ Exothermic ke examples
1. Respiration:
C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l) + energy
2. Bujha chuna banna (bartan garam ho jaata hai):
CaO(s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(aq) + garmi
3. Prakritik gas jalna:
CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g) + garmi
4. Sadna/decomposition (viyojan) of vegetable matter into compost - isiliye khaad ka dher
andar se garam rehta hai!
❄️ Endothermic Reactions
✔ Endothermic ke examples
1. Chuna patthar ka toot'na (lagataar garmi deni padti hai):
CaCO₃(s) —Δ→ CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
2. Ferrous sulphate garam karna:
2FeSO₄(s) —Δ→ Fe₂O₃(s) + SO₂(g) + SO₃(g)
3. Photosynthesis - paudhe suraj ki energy lete hain:
6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l) —roshni→ C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + 6O₂(g)
Khiladi ko chot lagne par jo instant cold pack lagaya jaata hai, wo bina fridge ke thanda kaise ho jaata hai? Uske andar ammonium nitrate aur paani alag-alag bane hote hain. Pack ko dabaate hi dono mil jaate hain, aur ye ghulna endothermic hai - wo aas-paas se garmi kheench leta hai, isliye pack turant thanda ho jaata hai! Physics-chemistry ka seedha medical istemal.
⚖️ Dono Ka Muqabla
| Exothermic | Endothermic |
|---|---|
| Energy chhodti hai | Energy leti hai |
| Aas-paas garam ho jaata hai | Aas-paas thanda ho jaata hai |
| Equation mein: "+ energy" daayein taraf | Equation mein: energy baayein taraf chahiye |
| Aksar combination (sanyojan) reactions | Aksar decomposition reactions |
| Respiration, jalna, bujha chuna | Photosynthesis, CaCO₃ ka toot'na |
Bharat ke gaon-gaon mein gobar gas (biogas) plant lage hain. Inme gobar aur kachra bacteria ki madad se sadta hai - ek exothermic prakriya, jisse plant andar se garam rehta hai aur methane gas banti hai. Wahi gas chulhe mein jalkar (phir se exothermic!) khaana pakati hai. Ek hi kachre se do baar energy - saaf, sasta aur paryavaran ke anukool.
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